Why are circular columns commonly used in seismic designs?

Circular columns are commonly favored in seismic designs primarily because of their uniform strength and superior energy dissipation characteristics. The circular shape distributes stress more evenly compared to other geometries, such as square or rectangular columns. This uniformity minimizes stress concentration, allowing the column to better handle the lateral forces generated during seismic events.

Additionally, circular columns have a continuous surface without corners, which helps to prevent weakness at junctions where cracking may initiate during shaking. The result is a structure that can effectively absorb and dissipate seismic energy, enhancing the overall resilience of the building and reducing the risk of structural failure during an earthquake.

In contrast, while factors like ease of construction, material costs, and aesthetic flexibility can be important in different contexts, they do not inherently confer the seismic performance benefits that circular columns provide. Such considerations are secondary to the primary role that energy dissipation and strength uniformity play in ensuring structural integrity in seismic situations.