What is the main effect of a low water-cement ratio?

A low water-cement ratio is primarily associated with enhanced strength and durability of the concrete. When less water is used in the mix, the resulting concrete has a denser microstructure, which contributes to improved mechanical properties. The strength of concrete is significantly influenced by the water-cement ratio; lower ratios result in higher compressive strength because the cement particles are more closely packed, allowing for better bonding and less porosity.

Moreover, a low water-cement ratio minimizes the formation of voids and leads to a more refined arrangement of particles, which also enhances the durability characteristics of the concrete. This means that the concrete is more resistant to physical and chemical degradation over time, making it suitable for demanding environments.

While increased workability is typically associated with higher water-cement ratios, and finish quality can be influenced by various factors, these aspects do not enhance the mechanical properties of concrete in the same way that strength and durability are enhanced through a lower water-cement ratio.