What does the term "spalling" refer to in reinforced concrete?

The term "spalling" refers specifically to the flaking or chipping of concrete surfaces. This phenomenon often occurs due to various factors, such as moisture infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, or corrosion of the reinforcing steel within the concrete. When the reinforcing bars corrode, they expand, exerting pressure on the surrounding concrete and causing it to flake or break away, which is the characteristic spalling effect. This deterioration not only affects the appearance of the concrete but can also compromise its structural integrity over time. Understanding spalling is crucial for assessing the condition of concrete structures and planning appropriate maintenance and repairs.