What are ties in reinforced concrete?

Ties in reinforced concrete are specifically designed to resist shear forces and help maintain the integrity of the concrete structure. They are typically made of reinforcing bars arranged in a loop formation and are crucial in preventing buckling of the vertical bars under compression. By connecting the vertical bars, ties create a more stable framework that can better handle shear stresses encountered during loading, effectively enhancing the overall strength and ductility of the concrete element.

Using ties ensures that the reinforcing bars remain evenly spaced and resist lateral movement, promoting better load distribution. This is especially important in columns and other vertical elements where lateral stability is vital. The design and placement of ties are governed by specific codes and standards to ensure they contribute adequately to the structural performance of the reinforced concrete.

The other choices do not accurately describe the function of ties. Vertical bars primarily serve to provide tensile strength, horizontal bars contribute to various forms of stability but are not ties, and bendable forms refer to equipment used in the pouring process rather than reinforcement components. Therefore, the correct identification of ties as loops of reinforcing bars that resist shear forces is essential for understanding their role in concrete construction.